sysctl fs.file-nr

fs.file-nr = 1020 0 70000

sysctl fs.file-max

There are two reasons lsof | wc -l doesn't count file descriptors. One is that it lists things that aren't open files, such as loaded dynamically linked libraries and current working directories; you need to filter them out. Another is that lsof takes some time to run, so can miss files that are opened or closed while it's running; therefore the number of listed open files is approximate. Looking at /proc/sys/fs/file-nr gives you an exact value at a particular point in time.

cat /proc/3256/limits
[...]
Max open files 1024 1024 files
[...]

lsof -p 3256

ps -ef |awk '{print "lsof -p "$2"|wc -l"}'|sh|sort -n |uniq|tail -5
137
138
139
140
141

[root@rhel7-1 local]# xfs_info /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=1147392 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4589568, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@rhel7-1 local]#

/dev/sdb1 /eleves xfs prjquota,usrquota 0 0

xfs_quota -x -c report /eleves

xfs_quota -x -c 'report -h'

xfs_quota -x -c 'limit bsoft=1950m bhard=2048m toto /eleves'

cat get_users2A.txt |awk '{print "xfs_quota -x -c \x27limit bsoft=1950m bhard=2048m "$1"\x27 /eleves"}' |sh

/dev/da1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota 1 2

edquota utilisateur

tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1 |grep "Block size"
4096

quota -v utilisateur

# quotacheck /mnt/disk/
quotacheck: Les quotas pour users sont actif sur le point de montage /mnt/disk si bien que quotacheck risque d'endommager le fichier.
Veuillez désactiver les quotas ou utiliser -f pour forcer la vérification.

# quotaoff /mnt/disk/
# quotacheck /mnt/disk/

# quotaon /mnt/disk/

mkdir test
chown root:root test
chmod 770 test

setfacl -m permissions test

setfacl -R -m u:user1:rwx rep

setfacl -R -m g:groupe1:rws rep

setfacl -b test

getfacl test

getfacl --skip-base -R /dossier/dossier/ > fichier

setfacl --restore=fichier

hexdump -C <fichier>

hexedit

od -xc fichier.txt

od -bc fichier.txt

eog

totem, vlc

mount -o loop /root/FC4-i386-DVD.iso /mnt_bis/

dumpe2fs /dev/sda4

tune2fs -l /dev/sda4

cat f1 f1 > f2;cat f2 f2 > f1

dd if=/dev/zero of=grosfichier bs=1M count=1000
dd: writing `grosfichier': No space left on device

# blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="/boot" UUID="c58c2711-5dcb-4ddd-b370-0d4faf072576" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="fdb83e38-a50a-45e0-982e-e0cf04f57797" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda3: UUID="Tk5ZSB-1ytH-137g-Og3k-Z3pg-fZj2-Pv0mRk" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sda5: UUID="0K3e98-mWCD-S1Jf-38c7-HUEV-KOyl-WGMrCO" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sda6: UUID="4pInAh-Gltk-m364-jaZl-FkI0-fv8y-zHNS2v" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sda7: UUID="NhbZkO-GiWB-677v-fK5P-qxlp-kspl-G0nSM7" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sda8: UUID="cLR3Cb-S36v-LfSd-hc1d-MHnR-ghi4-GvjD2M" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/vg_1-lv_root: UUID="a05f80d0-a321-497a-8a24-409897a1ef57" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/vg_3-lv_home4: UUID="0e3de340-1b6a-4ac8-b1e3-f7010dddcbe8" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/vg_2-lv_home2: UUID="3d96ee8e-f2f0-4573-901f-725ca92b3f2a" TYPE="ext4"

lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sda 8:0 0 111,8G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 74,4G 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 13,9G 0 part
├─sda4 8:4 0 21,4G 0 part /
└─sda5 8:5 0 1,9G 0 part [SWAP]

dd if=/dev/zero of=part1 bs=1M count=100M
losetup /dev/loop1 part1 // on associe le fichier part1 au périphérique loop1
mkfs.ext3 /dev/loop1
mount /dev/loop1 /mnt

locale

dpkg-reconfigure locales

file -i <nom du fichier>
hexdump -C <nom du fichier>
od -xc <nom du fichier>

iconv -f iso8859-1 -t utf8 fichier > new_fichier

echo D* | iconv -f iso8859-1 -t utf8

<?php
print(urlencode($argv[1]">;
?>

<?php
print(urlencode(utf8_decode($argv[1]">);
?>

od -bc fichier # affichage en octal + ascii

sed -e "s/\o342\o200\o231/\'/g" -e "s/\o342\o200\o223/-/g" fichier | iconv -c -f utf8 -t latin1 > fichier_sortie

ascii2uni -q -a I

$ od -xc image.png |head
0000000 5089 474e 0a0d 0a1a 0000 0d00 4849 5244
211 P N G \r \n 032 \n \0 \0 \0 \r I H D R
0000020 0000 7d02 0000 df01 0208 0000 aa00 f92d
\0 \0 002 } \0 \0 001 337 \b 002 \0 \0 \0 252 - 371
[...]

sudo ntfsresize -P -i -f -v /dev/sda5
ntfsresize v2.0.0 (libntfs 10:0:0)
Device name : /dev/sda5
NTFS volume version: 3.1
Cluster size : 4096 bytes
Current volume size: 63523799552 bytes (63524 MB)
Current device size: 50815747584 bytes (50816 MB)
ERROR: Current NTFS volume size is bigger than the device size!
Corrupt partition table or incorrect device partitioning?

xfs

Les syst�mes de fichiers XFS doivent �tre mont�s pour �tre redimensionn�s et le point de montage doit �tre donn� � la place du nom de p�riph�rique.

# xfs_growfs /home

ext4

Par d�faut, resizefs agrandit le FS au max de la partition.

# resizefs /dev/sdb1

sfdisk -d /dev/sda > sda_table_partitions

sfdisk /dev/sda < sda_table_partitions

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 5: Input/output error.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

apt-get install parted
partprobe /dev/sdb

parted
print
unit GB
print
unit cyl
mkpart extended 64438c 500Gb
quit

mkfs.ext3...

find / -name "rep_a_exclure" -prune -o -mtime 1 -print

find . -name private -prune -o -name kure-share -prune -o -name contact.php -exec ls -al {} \;

# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="6a008aa5-609e-4627-8c00-2a24a2c79c7c" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda2: UUID="04d40c41-5d8f-4f29-8369-f6fc553381b1" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"

# file -s /dev/sda6
/dev/sda6: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=c69b325c-88c1-411e-adc4-c7b19ecd0ec3 (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files)

It's the size necessary to store the meta-data about files (including the file names contained in that directory). The number of files / sub-directories at a given time might not map directly to the size reported, because once allocated, space is not freed if the number of files changes. This behaviour makes sense for most use cases (where disk space is cheap, and once a directory has a lot of files in it, it will probably have them again in future), and helps to reduce fragmentation.

For example:
$ mkdir testdir
$ cd testdir
$ ls -ld .
drwxr-xr-x 2 matthew matthew 4096 2007-12-03 20:28 ./
$ for ; do touch some_longish_file_name_$i; done
$ ls -ld .
drwxr-xr-x 2 matthew matthew 36864 2007-12-03 20:29 ./
$ rm some_longish_file_name_*
$ ls -ld .
drwxr-xr-x 2 matthew matthew 36864 2007-12-03 20:29 ./
$ cd ..
$ ls -ld testdir
drwxr-xr-x 2 matthew matthew 36864 2007-12-03 20:29 testdir/
$ rmdir testdir ; mkdir testdir
$ ls -ld testdir
drwxr-xr-x 2 matthew matthew 4096 2007-12-03 20:29 testdir/
Here you see that when even empty files are created, the directory size increases - the file names and meta data must be stored somewhere, and it is in the directory object itself. In this case the file names and other meta-data fit in 9 4k blocks (36864 = 4096 * 9).

Deleting the files does not reduce the space used by the directory object - only removing the directory and re-creating it frees the space.

mount --bind / /home/bruno/rep

ls -i mon-fichier

stat mon-fichier

bruno@Nestor:~/forma1$ ls -al
drwxr-xr-x. 2 bruno bruno 4096 oct. 21 11:55 ab